Asterion

2/3 sam pročitao ... odlične. MaddaddaM me još čeka. edit: 3logija, Vrstni red: 1.Oryx and Crake, 2The year of the flood, 3.MaddaddaM .

In spite of an evolutionary gap of 425 million years, VHH and VNAR antibosies share some convergent features that differ from those found in conventional variable domains. More notably, changes in conserved amino acids make them soluble and independently folding domains, non-canonical Cys pairs increase their stability and diversity. Formed by fewer CDRs, the antigen-binding sites of VHH and VNAR domains are smaller than those of conventional antibodies, and are considered the smallest (12 kDa) antigen-binding domain. VHH and VNAR particularly capable of binding concave and hidden epitopes (e.g., enzyme active sites, cryptic viral epitopes, etc.) that are not accessible to conventional antibodies. Nevertheless, the reactivity of their antigen-binding site is not limited to hidden targets, and HcAbs reacting with a broad range of structurally diverse epitopes. Nanobodies can recognize novel epitopes that conventional antibodies cannot. They can be expressed in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems, readily produced in single cell organisms like bacteria and yeasts, ensuring their virtually unlimited supply and consistent quality without batch-to-batch variations. There are many advantages of this novel class of antibodies: • Smallest functional antibody unit about ~15 kDa, than conventional antibody is ~150 kDa • Enhanced tissue penetration, can cross the blood-brain barrier • Unique binding capacity to small cavities or clefts • High affinity and specificity • High solubility, great imaging agents due to rapid clearance in vivo In contrast to conventional antibodies, Nanobodies are also has high stability to function and exist within demanding conditions, such as abnormal temperature or pH. Single domain antibodies also have great potential in downstream engineering (bispecific antibody, humanization). There is an increasing interest in developing single-domain antibodies for therapeutic and research uses. Nanobodies can be applied in the field of antibody-drug conjugate technologies (ADC), which uses antibodies or antibody-derived molecules to deliver highly potent anticancer agents to cancer cells. Single domain antibody takes great advantages of outstanding penetrability, they are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, and can improve bioavailability for pharmaceutical applications, which are essential to the development of antibody drugs or diagnostic tools. Therefore, the potential benefits of using single domain antibodies for both therapeutic and research applications are endless: Faster accumulation as a therapeutic or imaging agent in tissue. Higher stability due to its smaller size. Lower toxicity due to more rapid clearance of unbound antibodies. Additional routes of administration. Increased manufacturing production efficiency and potentially lower costs. In summary, single domain antibodies can be used as potential tools for academic research, diseases diagnosis and treatment, and biotechnology development, due to the variety of their unique features.

Ako imate decu ..pronađite ovu seriju crtana... Ovako izgledaju virusi... Viruse napadaju antitela (antibodies)... DNK 1 veriga 2 verige virus promjenjuje DNK gostitelja:

Students wait for class to begin with plastic boards placed on their desks at Jeonmin High School in Daejeon, South Korea, 20 May 2020.

A university in Japan has decided to cancel its graduation ceremony, due to social distancing measures brought about by the coronavirus pandemic. Instead a team of robots, with iPads for faces, are standing in for the students and collecting diplomas on their behalf. A staff member puts food inside the delivery robot in Changsha, central China's Hunan Province, Feb. 14, 2020. Two delivery robots are transformed to deliver lunch and dinner for employees at the enterprises which have resumed production inside an economic and technological development zone in Changsha.

https://twitter.com/NST_Online/status/1265145640327303169

Glupo je uspoređivati razne decenije /igrače iz tih decenija u NBA. Toni Kukoć

https://www.b92.net/sport/kosarka/nba.php?yyyy=2020&mm=05&dd=23&nav_id=1687175 https://www.b92.net/sport/kosarka/nba.php?yyyy=2020&mm=05&dd=23&nav_id=1687228 Lepo.